Accessing healthcare in the United Kingdom is one of the most important considerations for anyone relocating to live, work, or study. The UK’s healthcare system is primarily managed by the National Health Service (NHS), which offers high-quality, publicly funded care to residents. Immigrants with valid UK visas are often entitled to use NHS services, while private healthcare provides an additional option for faster and more flexible access.
This comprehensive guide explains how immigrants can access healthcare in the UK, register with the NHS, understand treatment costs, and explore private care alternatives in 2025.
Using the NHS as an Immigrant
The NHS provides healthcare services to UK residents and eligible immigrants, often free at the point of use. However, eligibility depends on your visa status and immigration category.
- Proof of residency: You must show evidence of lawful residence in the UK, typically through a visa valid for six months or longer.
- Immigration Health Surcharge (IHS): Most visa applicants must pay this surcharge when applying for a UK visa. It grants full access to NHS services, including doctor visits, hospital treatment, and emergency care.
- Students: International students who pay the IHS as part of their visa application can access the NHS during their studies.
- Refugees and asylum seekers: These groups receive free NHS healthcare while their asylum claims are processed.
Once in the UK, you should register with a local General Practitioner (GP) to access ongoing medical care and referrals to specialists.
NHS Treatment Costs for Immigrants
Most NHS services are free for those who have paid the Immigration Health Surcharge or who are legally resident. However, certain groups may still face treatment charges.
- EU/EEA citizens: Visitors with a valid EHIC or GHIC card can access free or reduced-cost emergency care.
- Non-EU nationals: Those without IHS coverage or short-term visitors (less than six months) must pay for NHS services.
- Uninsured immigrants: Only emergency and primary care (e.g., GP consultations) are free; hospital treatment must be paid for.
NHS fees are calculated based on residency status rather than nationality. Charges are usually 150% of the standard NHS rate for non-residents who have not paid the health surcharge.
Private Healthcare Options in the UK
Private healthcare gives immigrants faster access to consultations, diagnostic services, and treatments not covered by the NHS. Many people choose private insurance for convenience and reduced waiting times.
- Private hospitals and clinics throughout the UK offer appointments with specialists and diagnostic tests.
- Health insurance plans cover elective procedures, dentistry, and physiotherapy services.
- Private coverage is particularly useful for short-term visa holders or expatriates who want flexible healthcare access.
- Employers in the UK often include private medical insurance as part of staff benefit packages.
When selecting private insurance, compare coverage levels and ensure the policy includes emergency, dental, and optical care if needed.
Registering with a GP (General Practitioner)
Registering with a GP is essential for accessing most NHS medical services. GP surgeries are the first point of contact for non-emergency health issues, prescriptions, and referrals to specialists.
How to register:
- Find your nearest GP practice using the NHS Find a GP tool.
- Provide proof of address (such as a tenancy agreement) and immigration status.
- Complete a registration form (GMS1) and possibly a short health questionnaire.
- You’ll receive confirmation once you’re added to the practice’s patient list.
Once registered, you can book appointments for medical concerns, vaccinations, and preventive health checks.
Dental and Optical Care
Immigrants in the UK can access dental and eye care through both the NHS and private clinics.
- NHS dental care: Check-ups, fillings, and extractions are available at subsidized rates, with charges grouped into three standard bands.
- Private dental care: Offers faster appointments and cosmetic treatments such as whitening and orthodontics.
- Opticians: Eye tests are available at NHS-approved clinics, and children or low-income residents may qualify for free tests and glasses.
Find a local NHS dentist or optician through the NHS website.
Obtaining Urgent and Emergency Care
In emergencies, always call 999 for an ambulance or go to the nearest hospital’s Accident & Emergency (A&E) department. Emergency treatment is free of charge, regardless of visa or residency status.
For non-life-threatening conditions, you can use:
- NHS 111: A free helpline offering medical advice and directing you to the appropriate service.
- Urgent Treatment Centres (UTCs): Provide walk-in care for minor injuries and illnesses.
Health and Well-being for Immigrants
Adjusting to a new country can affect your mental and physical health. The UK has extensive support networks for immigrants and expats, including:
- Free mental health support via NHS Talking Therapies.
- Community health groups offering assistance in multiple languages.
- Charities such as Mind and Refugee Council providing cultural and emotional support.
Maintaining your health records, keeping emergency contact information, and attending regular checkups will ensure you receive consistent care while living in the UK.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do immigrants get free healthcare in the UK?
Yes, if you’ve paid the Immigration Health Surcharge or are legally resident for more than six months, you can access NHS care at no additional cost.
Can I use the NHS without paying the health surcharge?
Only refugees, asylum seekers, or those on specific humanitarian visas are exempt from paying. Most other immigrants must pay the surcharge to qualify for free NHS care.
Is private healthcare required in the UK?
No, it’s optional. However, many immigrants choose private insurance to avoid long NHS wait times or for specialist treatments.
About This Page
Author: UK Visa Applications Editorial Team
Reviewed by: Michael Gibbons, UK Solicitor and Regulated Immigration Advisor
Last Updated: October 2025